近基于 selenium 寫了一個(gè) python 小工具,記錄下學(xué)習(xí)記錄,自己運(yùn)行的環(huán)境是 Ubuntu 14.04.4 , Python 2.7 , Chromium 49.0 , ChromeDriver 2.16
selenium簡(jiǎn)介
selenium提供了一個(gè)通用的接口,可模擬用戶來(lái)操作瀏覽器,比如用于自動(dòng)化測(cè)試等.
selenium的核心是 WebDriver ,它提供了一組接口,這些接口能夠操作各種跨平臺(tái)的瀏覽器.
各大瀏覽器廠商.
各大瀏覽器廠商也支持Selenium,將其作為瀏覽器的一部分.
selenium 工具集提供了 WebDriver , Selenium IDE , Selenium-Grid 等
Selenium 1.0 + WebDriver = Selenium 2.0
Selenium WebDriver 是 Selenium Remote Control(Selenium-RC) 的繼承者.
· WebDriver 提供了更簡(jiǎn)單和簡(jiǎn)潔的接口,克服了 Selenium-RC API 一些限制.
· 相比 Selenium 1.0 , WebDriver 是面向?qū)ο笫降姆⻊?wù).
· WebDriver 驅(qū)動(dòng)瀏覽器更有效率,提供了比 Selenium 1.0 更多的功能
· Selenium RC 只能在單機(jī)上運(yùn)行, WebDriver 則提供了遠(yuǎn)程操作的功能
selenium基本使用
selenium運(yùn)行需要什么
主要包括三部分: selenium selenium , 瀏覽器driver , 瀏覽器
selenium selenium 是一組通用的接口,而不同的瀏覽器提供其自身的 driver (大部分是官方的),瀏覽器則被模擬控制操作的終端.
安裝
pip install selenium --upgrade
apt-get install chromium-browser
wget http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/2.10/chromedriver_linux`getconf LONG_BIT`.zip
unzip chromedriver_linux32.zip
cp chromedriver /usr/local/share
chmod +x /usr/local/share/chromedriver
ln -s /usr/local/share/chromedriver /usr/local/bin/chromedriver
ln -s /usr/bin/chromedriver /usr/local/share/chromedriver
簡(jiǎn)單的使用
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome('/usr/local/bin/chromedriver')
driver.get('http://mail.sina.net');
print(driver.title)
API使用
可參考 /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium
Chrome WebDriver
selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver.WebDriver(executable_path='chromedriver', port=0, chrome_options=None, service_args=None, desired_capabilities=None, service_log_path=None)
ChromeOptions
可以通過(guò) ChromeDriver session 配置 ChromeDriver session
ChromeDriver convenient methods for setting ChromeDriver-specific capabilities
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("--disable-extensions")
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-logging')
chrome_options.add_experimental_option('prefs', {'download.default_directory':
'/tmp'})
chrome_options.binary_location='/usr/bin/chromium-browser'
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
直接使用DesiredCapabilities
ChromeOptions是構(gòu)建在DesiredCapabilities之上的,為了使用DesiredCapabilities,必須
知道capability的Key/value對(duì).
chrome_options = Options()
capabilities={}
capabilities['platform'] = "WINDOWS"
capabilities['version'] = "10"
capabilities.update(chrome_options.to_capabilities())
driver = webdriver.Chrome(desired_capabilities=capabilities)
chromedriver運(yùn)行方式
The ChromeDriver class 不斷的創(chuàng)建實(shí)例,會(huì)浪費(fèi)很多的時(shí)間,可以通過(guò)兩個(gè)方式解決.
使用ChromeDriverService
import selenium.webdriver.chrome.service as service
service = service.Service('/usr/bin/chromedrive')
service.start()
capabilities = { }
driver = webdriver.Remote(service.service_url, capabilities)
driver.get('http://mail.sina.net');
print(driver.title)
開啟單獨(dú)的ChromeDriver服務(wù)
./chromedriver
driver = webdriver.Remote('http://127.0.0.1:9515', DesiredCapabilities.CHROME)
driver.get('http://mail.sina.net');
RemoteWebDriverServer
The RemoteWebDriver is composed of two pieces: a client and a server. The client is your WebDriver test and the server is simply a Java servlet, which can be hosted in any modern JEE app server. The server will always run on the machine with the browser you want to test.
wget http://selenium-release.storage.googleapis.com/2.53/selenium-server-standalone-2.53.0.jar
java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.53.0.jar
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub',des
desired_capabilities=DesiredCapabilities.CHROME)
driver.get('http://mail.sina.net');
其他
參考網(wǎng)站:
官方網(wǎng)站 , 官方github
ChromeDriver
Python api
Selenium非官方文檔
used pyvirtualdisplay to simulate a display:
由于使用的是Ubuntu服務(wù)器版,所以無(wú)法運(yùn)行chrome,通過(guò)pyvirtualdisplay解決該問(wèn)題
sudo apt-get install Xvfb
sudo pip install pyvirtualdisplay
from pyvirtualdisplay import Display
display = Display(visible=0, size=(1024, 768))
display.start()
driver = webdriver.Chrome('/usr/local/bin/chromedriver')
driver.get('http://mail.sina.net');
print(driver.title)
display.stop()
Explicit Wait:
由于是模擬用戶操作瀏覽器,瀏覽器加載需要時(shí)間,為確保成功加載完成才繼續(xù)執(zhí)行下去,解決方案如下
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('http://mail.sina.net/login');
el = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_id("loginfromemail"))
print(el.text)